Kublai Khan meets kamikaze – the 1281 invasion of Japan

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The Mongol Emperor of China Kublai Khan‘s first attempt to invade Japan in October 1274, ended prematurely and disastrously. The devastating defeat of an invasion that took over five years to plan would have deterred a less resolute conqueror, but … Continue reading

Leif Eiriksson (Erikson)

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Christopher Columbus was not the first European to discover the New World! This commonly held belief is wrong. Columbus didn’t reach the New World until 1492, 500 years after Leif Eiriksson’s arrival in 1001 AD.   In 986 AD, Norwegian-born Eirik … Continue reading

Semaphores – the marine signal language

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The word Semaphore derives from the Greek words sema (sign) and foros (bearer).  Semaphore Flags is the system for conveying information at a distance by means of visual signals with hand-held flags, rods, disks, paddles, or occasionally bare or gloved hands. … Continue reading